• Enlarging the ligand binding pocket by reduction of the

  2019-08-02

  

  Enlarging the ligand-binding pocket by reduction of the size of the residue F435 switched DES to an agonist indicating that F435 is involved in mediating the antagonistic effect of DES (Fig. 7E) [13]. The conformation of the smaller side chain of L435 was either not altered by DES or was too small t

• br Summary and perspectives In recent decades enormous advan

  2019-08-02

  

  Summary and perspectives In recent decades, enormous advances have been achieved in the development of enzyme-activatable imaging probes, enabling the accurate detection of enzyme activity in vivo to better understand the biological function of enzymes in disease processes. Activatable probes are

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments and funding We

  2019-08-02

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgments and funding We thank Jaakko Matomäki, MSc, for the statistical analysis of the data. The study was supported by the Medical Research Council of the Academy of Finland, Decisions no. 250124 and 250114 (Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and

• A key inciting event in atherosclerosis is

  2019-08-02

  

  A key inciting event in atherosclerosis is the deposition of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the subendothelial space of major arteries. In the subendothelium, native LDL is no longer protected by circulating antioxidants and is oxidatively modified to oxidized LDL (OxLDL) [5]. OxLDL is

• The majority of APC C subunits

  2019-08-02

  

  The majority of APC/C subunits form a giant scaffold, which was originally named the arc lamp, based on its shape when viewing APC/C from one side (Figure 1 and Box 1) [24]. The scaffold consists of two modules: the TPR lobe resembles the curved post and lamp, and the platform resembles the melanoco

• These studies suggested that PV PVH might promote

  2019-08-02

  

  These studies suggested that PV/PVH might promote bone formation activities and/or inhibit bone resorption activities probably due to its anti-inflammation activity; however, the underlying mechanism remained unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear if PVH shows better activity than that of PV; this is i

• We elucidated that the ten

  2019-08-02

  

  We elucidated that the ten DGK isozymes have different relative 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities vs DGK activity under the same conditions. However, because the octylglucoside-mixed micellar assay was developed for DGK, it is not known whether the DGKs exhibit maximum 1-MGK and 2-MGK activities in this a

• Intriguingly our laboratory has shown

  2019-08-02

  

  Intriguingly, our laboratory has shown that the I638F kinase domain mutant, unlike the L63V and G505 mutants, is incapable of receptor autophosphorylation and activation of its downstream effector SHP-2 when exposed to collagen stimulation. These data indicate that I638F is a loss of function mutati

• It is known that cigarette smoke increases the

  2019-08-01

  

  It is known that cigarette smoke increases the oxidative burden in the lungs of mice with emphysema, which leads to oxidative stress [[34], [35], [36]]. However, in addition to cigarette smoke, studies have shown that endogenous oxidative stress is associated with proteolytic Deferiprone to in sever

• Gene chip is a detection technique that can detect all

  2019-08-01

  

  Gene chip is a detection technique that can detect all the time-point differentially expressed genes (DEGs) information within the same sample. However, due to sample heterogeneity or different sequencing platform, the results for the expressed mRNAs are inconsistent with different gene profile. The

• Egr together with catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes such as

  2019-08-01

  

  Egr1, together with catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), is induced in adrenal medulla by different types of stress (Liu et al., 2005, Morita et al., 1996, Nankova et al., 1993, Papanik

• br Materials and methods br Results In the leaves

  2019-08-01

  

  Materials and methods Results In the leaves of the studied varieties, one to three nucleoli per nucleus were observed (Fig. 1a), except for the variety Bastardo were a maximum of two nucleoli per nucleus were detected. In the root-tip cells, most of the varieties presented one to three nucleo

• Air trapping at the small

  2019-08-01

  

  Air-trapping at the small airways is related to severe Santacruzamate A (Bjermer, 2014), and acute exacerbation (Mahut et al., 2010). Although asthma patients are generally treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or with ICS and long-acting β2 agonist (LABA), the efficacy of such treatment depend

• Next we evaluated the therapeutic potential of compound usin

  2019-08-01

  

  Next, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of compound () using the mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA model), which is the pathological model for RA. Consequently, oral once-daily dosing of 3 mg/kg reduced the overall progression of the clinical score, including inflammation and bone

• Raloxifene is a second generation SERM that

  2019-08-01

  

  Raloxifene is a second generation SERM that has tissue-specific effects that differ from those of tamoxifen. Raloxifene was marketed for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in the US and Europe. In a phase II randomized double-blind study, tamoxifen and raloxifene were e

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